rocky mountain arsenal conspiracy
Cancer incidence in the communities near the arsenal was also monitored and found to be varied across location, gender, race and time, and have been determined to not be related to past Arsenal exposure or cleanup activities. The refuge was created on the buffer zone surrounding the production area. Following a final land transfer, the Refuge expands to 15,000 acres and becomes one of the largest urban national wildlife refuges in the United States. One of the lessees, Julius Hyman and Company, manufactures agricultural chemicals at the site. Fish and Wildlife Service enter into a unique public-private teaming arrangement called the Remediation Venture Office (RVO) to facilitate the safe, timely and cost-effective cleanup and transition of the site. The government converted them into refuges under U.S. The new venue hosts the Colorado Rapids of Major League Soccer. Coinciding with these activities, from 1946 to 1982, the Army leased RMA facilities to private industries for the production of pesticides. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. the Rocky Mountain Arsenal Disposal Well By D. B. Hoover and J. In 1942, the US Army acquired 19,915 acres (80.59km2) of land on which to manufacture weapons in support of World War II military activities at a cost of $62,415,000. 2004After the EPA certifies that cleanup actions are complete, the U.S. Department of Defense transfers 5,000 acres of RMA land to the U.S. Department of the Interior to officially establish the Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge. All field work should be completed in March 2023. In 1992, Congress designated the sites as a wildlife refuge. The timeline below highlights important milestones from each decade. Minor damage, in the form of broken windows and dishes and cracked walls and plaster, occurred at Aguilar, Segundo, Trinchera, and Trinidad. The U.S. Army constructed the Arsenal in 1942 to develop chemical weapons as a deterrent against the Axis Powers. The Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge is 15,000 acres and features three lakes that are home to over 300 species of wildlife. The manufacturing of these weapons continued until 1969. The Rocky Mountain Arsenal was a United States chemical weapons manufacturing center located in the Denver Metropolitan Area in Commerce City, Colorado. Fish and Wildlife Service management, and they now protect black bears and black-footed ferrets, coral reefs and brushy steppes, rare birds and imperiled salmon. Join the Westword community and help support While the framework for the comprehensive environmental cleanup was being developed, work crews discovered a pair of roosting bald eagles at the site, which prompted the U.S. 1987The EPA places the RMA on the National Priorities (or Superfund) List. Longstanding agricultural and health concerns related to the Rocky Mountain Arsenal have resulted in a complex history of political and legal battles. Today, only the foundation of a watch post from Rose Hill is visible, and then only when pointed. The Rocky Mountain Arsenal (RMA), a few miles northeast of Denver, was originally constructed and operated by the Chemical Corps of the United States Army. To read the report, click, Archives: Project Descriptions / Fact Sheets, Hosted by Defense Media Activity - WEB.mil. A lot of the environmental stories are kind of doomy and gloomy, and these are successful ones, something positive, he said. Critics sayRocky Mountain Arsenalin Colorado illustrates the shortcomings of a cleanup designed to be good enough for a refuge but not for human habitation. Roughly 10 miles (16 kilometers) from downtown Denver, the arsenal was once an environmental nightmare where chemical weapons and commercial pesticides were made. The waste fluid chemistry is not known precisely. Its latest plan calls for waiting 20 years in hopes that better, less expensive technology emerges or the unexploded shells degrade to a safe level. At the borders of the RMA and at some places in the sites interior, contaminated groundwater is pumped from the below the surface and cleaned before reinjection. 1984The U.S. Army conducts the RMA Remedial Investigation / Feasibility Study, which includes the systematic investigation of contamination and the development and evaluation of cleanupalternatives. However, the Army estimates that the waste was a more dilute version of the Basin F liquid which is now being incinerated. biological agent at Rocky Mountain Arsenal was begun in August 1971 and was completed in mid-February 1973. Depleted uranium fragments are scattered on the firing range among 1.5 million rounds of unexploded shells, which makes cleanup dangerous and expensive. There are multiple paved, boardwalk, or gravel trail options with a variety of lengths and difficulty levels available. There are many studies that try to estimate the total costs due to contamination of pesticides in U.S. as well as in other countries; however, indirect costs are difficult to estimate, but likely several times than total direct environmental and social costs. From 1962 -- 1963, the fluids were pumped from Basin F into the well. Get the latest updates in news, food, music and culture, and receive special offers direct to your inbox. Further testing revealed that the containment issue is an ongoing problem, the lawsuit says. Extremely loud, explosivelike earth noises were heard. As portions of the cleanup are completed, this property becomes part of the National Wildlife Refuge system and is transferred to the U.S. Department of Interior. Treatment plants remove contaminants from groundwater to keep them out of domestic wells. There is no appropriate standard by the EPA, but the state of Colorado has a standard treatment protocol for this chemical. Parts of a C-shaped buffer zone around the perimeter are open to visitors asHanford Reach National Monument. An astonishing array of animals and habitats flourished onsix obsolete weapons complexes mostly for nuclear or chemical arms because the sites banned the public and other intrusions for decades. [6][7] Provisions for a permanent water supply for off-post residents affected by arsenal groundwater contamination. [3] After the bald eagles were captured, tested, and found to be healthy, the National Wildlife Federation worked with policymakers to transition RMA to a wildlife refuge. Further, in 1961, the Army constructed a 12,000-foot deep injection well for the disposal of wastes. The building was known as the Environmental Analytical Laboratory, and was used to analyze soil, water, and air samples collected during the environmental clean-up of RMA. Fish and Wildlife Service to create and later expand the Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge. The Rocky Mountain Arsenal was placed on the National Priorities List of Superfund sites in July 1987. Another group asked the courts to release documents from a 27-year-old criminal investigation into the weapons plant, hoping they will show whether the government tracked down and cleaned up all the contamination. It stipulates that the majority of the site will become a National Wildlife Refuge under the jurisdiction of the Fish and Wildlife Service when the environmental restoration is completed. The U.S. Army will permanently retain and manage about 1,000 acres of Arsenal land that contain the landfills, waste consolidation areas and groundwater treatment facilities to ensure they remain protective of human health and the environment. Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge (credit: CBS) Nick Kaczor and his team were also out -- trying to find the black footed ferrets. SITE HISTORY - Rocky Mountain Arsenal was listed on the NPL in 1987. This new publication offers highlights from the past year, along with news about upcoming projects scheduled for 2022. Eating fish and game from the refuge is forbidden. After the war, it became a bustling center of industrial. In April 2007 Dick's Sporting Goods Park, a soccer-specific stadium, was opened on part of the former Rocky Mountain Arsenal land that was transferred to Commerce City. They have been left in place to excavate, so they have been left in place. Despite the complicated and expensive cleanups, significant contamination has been left behind, some experts say. Become a member to support the independent voice of Denver Opinion: Colorado farms going fallow? Fish and Wildlife's Rocky Mountain Arsenal website. Photo source: Dave Showalter Annual Highlights from Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Rocky Mountain Arsenal has recently published its annual community report. OVERVIEW - Just 10 miles northeast of Denver, Colorado lies one of the largest urban wildlife refuges in the country, an area that only 30 years ago was listed on the Superfund National Priorities List due to being contaminated by over 600 chemicals. Two sites were retained by the Army: the South Plants location due to historical use[clarification needed], and the North Plant location, which is now a landfill containing the remains of various buildings used in the plants. [1], The environmental movement began in the United States in the 1960-1970s. From 1950 to 1952, the Army constructed the North Plants complex to manufacture the nerve agents VX and GB, (also called sarin). In 1996, after a lengthy process in which site investigations were conducted and completed, an approach to remedy the chemical contamination at the Arsenal was set forth by the US Army. By year end, the United States has out-produced the Axis Powers by 150 percent. Three criteria were es Both those cases are pending in federal court. (6 of 9), TOURISM - Nearly 500,000 people annually visit the 15,000-acre Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge where they can see more than 330 species of animals including bison, deer, bald eagles and black-footed ferrets. Montbello is located to the south of the RMA, and Commerce City to the west. Congruent with the outline of the June 1996 USFWS Comprehensive Management Plan, RMA will be available for public use through both community outreach and educational programs (as provided by the Visitor Access Plan and the USFWS). The Army and Shell took remedial actions to prevent the contamination that includes the installation of the groundwater barrier system which treated approximately 1 billion gallons of water every year. Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge. The Colorado Sun is a journalist-owned, award-winning news outlet based in Denver that strives to cover all of Colorado so that our state our community can better understand itself. 1947The U.S. Army places the RMA on standby status and leases some facilities to private industry. Thousands of ducks died after coming in contact with its wastewater ponds in the 1950s. Researchers have not examined the health risks to wildlife at the cleaned-up refuges as extensively as the potential danger to humans, but few problems have been reported. A. Dietrich f. h,_ During the 1968 pumping tests at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal disposal well, the U.S. Geological Survey was responsible for moni wring earthquakes occurring in the area of the arsenal ami making chemical analysis of the fluids removed. Lake Skipper (s): Contaminants included solvents, metals, pesticides, and miscellaneous manufacturing-related chemicals. The U.S. Army selected 17,000 acres of farm land just 10 miles northeast of Denver in Commerce City, Colorado, as the site of the new Arsenal. A monitoring program was developed to monitor the success of exposure prevention efforts during the environmental cleanup at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal. The U.S. The Rocky Mountain Arsenal (RMA) is a former chemical weapons manufacturing facility located just outside and northwest of the Denver, Colorado metropolitan area (Figure 21). An official website of the United States government, Rocky Mountain Arsenal has recently published its annual community report. Slighter rumblings (below magnitude 3.0) occurred throughout the remainder of 1966, and through the first week of April 1967. The following data were derived from the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission. This new publication offers highlights from the past year, along with news about upcoming projects scheduled for 2022. 1966Following reports of localized earthquake tremors, the U.S. Army concludes the deep well injection program. The location was ideal, not only because of the proximity to the airport, but because of the geographic features of the site, it was less likely to be attacked. The injected fluids had very little potential for reaching the surface or useable groundwater supply since the injection point had 11,900 feet of rock above it and was sealed at the opening. The well was cased and sealed to a depth of 11,975 feet (3650 m), with the remaining 70 feet (21 m) left as an open hole for the injection of Basin F liquids. Now a majority are voluntarily adopting them. Beginning in 1942, the arsenal was the main site at which the Chemical Corps manufactured chemical weapons such as mustard gas, nerve gas, and phosgene.The Army eventually leased part of the 27 mi 2 (70 km 2) plot of . The facility was built in 1942, in response to the outbreak of World War II in Europe. The organic content of the solution was high but is largely unknown. Since 1985, the mission at RMA has been the remediation of the site. Rocky Flats National Wildlife Refuge, a former nuclear weapons plant northwest of Denver, opened to hikers and cyclists last September, but some activists question whether its safe. State and federal officials say its safe, but skeptical activists filed a lawsuit saying the federal government didnt test the refuge carefully enough. The Energy Department told the state it has no current plans to change the classification. In September 2017, the state of Colorado filed a lawsuit to sue the United States government for the right to control the contaminated areas of the RMA. In 2006, 7,126 additional acres were transferred. Many projects have attempted to clean contaminated groundwater at the Arsenal. Office of Public Health Practice, Planning, and Local Partnerships, Chemicals from firefighting foam & other sources, Colorado Legacy Land/Lincoln Park Superfund site, Test & Fix Water for Kids at Family Child Care Homes, Toxicology and environmental epidemiology, Engage with the Water Quality Control Division, Hazardous Materials and Waste Management Division, Bonanza Mining District Restoration Project, Colorado Smelter Community Advisory Group, Colorado Smelter Pamphlets, Charts, Forms and Reports. The U.S. Army and Shell conducted the $2.1 billion environmental cleanup of the site in collaboration with the Environmental Protection Agency, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment and Tri-County Health Department. As provided by CERCLA, a Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS) was conducted to determine the extent of contamination. These restrictions must remain in place unless future sampling and scientific investigation determine they can be safely removed. Structures that contain the contaminated soil at RMA are also actively monitored, along with surface water and biological resources. During November 1967, the Denver region was shaken by five moderate earthquakes. Fish and Wildlife Service establishes a field office at the RMA to manage bald eagles and other wildlife. text only version of the Rocky Mountain Arsenal Site Spotlight, Emerging Contaminants and Contaminants of Concern, Federal Agency Hazardous Waste Compliance Docket, Military Munitions and Unexploded Ordnance (UXO). The Rocky Mountain Arsenal manufactured chemical weapons including mustard gas, napalm, white phosphorus, lewisite, chlorine gas, and sarin. The arsenal's animals are intended to refresh bloodlines of the national park's herd, Rocky Mountain Arsenal Refuge Manager David Lucas told CBS4. Vote in our annual food bracket challenge. Between 1946 and 1987, the Army also leased portions of the arsenal to Shell Oil Company to manufacture pesticides. (9 of 9). Catch . Site reviews will be conducted every five years to make sure the cleanup remedy is still effective. An acoustical ceiling and light fixtures fell at one school. Fish and Wildlife Service inventoried more than 330 species of wildlife that inhabit the Arsenal including deer, coyotes, white pelicans and owls. The Army discontinued use of the well in February 1966 because the fluid injection triggered a series of earthquakes in the area. In the early 1960s, the U.S. Army began to lease out its facilities to private companies to manufacture pesticides. (1 of 9), SITE HISTORY - Rocky Mountain Arsenal was listed on the NPL in 1987. Groundwater treatment will continue until all water leaving the site meets state and federal standards. The defendants must build a system to actively dewater Shells trenches to prevent the mixing of effluent with groundwater, the lawsuit says. Shell Oil Co. leased the property and manufactured agricultural pesticides in the South Plants complex from 1952 through 1982. The brochure contains general information, license requirements, fee requirements, and a list of fish species. Depleted uranium, a byproduct of nuclear fuel production, is used for armor-piercing shells. The 17,000-acre site is 10 miles northeast of Denver. Several reported basement floors separated from walls. 2003The EPA removes 917 acres of RMA land from the National Priorities List. 1942The U.S. Army establishes the Rocky Mountain Arsenal to produce chemical weapons as a war-time deterrent. After the war, it became a bustling center of industrial activity -- a top-secret center that created a lot of dangerous waste. For more information please visit U.S. Legislators quickly moved from beneath chandeliers in the Denver Capitol Building, fearing they might fall. Roughly 10 miles (16 kilometers) from downtown Denver, the arsenal was once an environmental nightmare where chemical weapons and commercial pesticides were made. Today, it is considered a hazardous waste site according to the Colorado Department of Public and Environmental Health. The Army was dumping dangerous chemicals into a deep injection well out at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal. U.S. The deep injection well was closed in 1985 and Basin F was closed in 1988 [10] In 2004, 5000 acres along the perimeter of the site were deleted from the National Priorities List of Superfund sites to establish the National Wildlife Refuge. The Rocky Mountain Arsenal, a manufacturing center of United States chemical weapons, is located in Commerce City, Colorado. Fish and Wildlife Service, bringing the total to 15,000 acres (61km2). Most badgers at Rocky Mountain Arsenal appear to be unaffected by dieldrin, one of the main chemical contaminants remaining in the soil at the military base. Rates of birth defects in the communities surrounding the arsenal were also monitored and found to be stable and no different than rates for all of Colorado. The animals were transferred from the National Bison Range in Montana. The contaminated soils cleanup phase of the process was completed in 2010. Due to the early completion of this program, the Army realized a savings of 300,000 dollars. In 1987, the RMA was placed on the National Priorities List (NPL) of Superfund sites. Residents were generally shaken, but no damage was sustained. Otherkey partners include Colorado Department of Public Health and the Environment, the local health department andlocal government officials, the Army,U.S. This resulted in subsequent earthquakes in Denver area. As cleanup actions were successfully completed, the U.S. Army transferred land to the U.S. Contaminated ground water was first discovered to have migrated off of the Arsenal in the mid-1950s when crop damage and affected livestock was noted on farms north of the Arsenal. Feds light fires at Rocky Mountain Arsenal to restore prairie for multiplying bison and the visitors who flock there Prescribed fire is meant to invigorate about 875 acres of short-grass . The waste from the pre-treatment plant was generally a solution containing 13,000 parts per million sodium chloride (salt), with a pH ranging from 3.5 to 11.5. Included in the RMANWR Act, areas within RMA that were still contaminated were still owned by the U.S. Army, however, the vast majority of the land that was deemed clean would be managed by the Federal Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS). Contaminated areas of soil remain in the Rocky Mountain Arsenal, but are contained in basins and containment structures.[11]. However, when the Basin F liquids were actually introduced, the process required more time than anticipated to complete because of the impermeability of the rock. Exchanging animals among smaller herds. All manufacturing activities ended in 1982. A local shock awakened a few persons in Commerce City November 25. The Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge has been transformed from a 17,000+ acre facility used for weapons and chemical manufacturing into a beautiful nature sanctuary. Then a year and half after the Rocky Mountain Arsenal waste dumping practice stopped, the strongest and most widely felt shock in Denver's history struck that area on August 9, 1967, at 6:25 in the morning. The land has a unique story - it has survived the test of time and transitioned from farmland, to war-time manufacturing site, to wildlife sanctuary. In an effort to foster economic growth in the area and maintain the facilities for national security, private companies were encouraged to lease facilities beginning in the mid-1940s. A similar shock, magnitude 4.1, centered in the Denver area November 15. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Army will retain areas where hazardous wastes are managed, such as the landfill and soil covers. Kauffman violated state order to stop selling its oil and gas, Colorados air pollution permitting process for oil and gas, other industries may get a lot stricter, (720) 263-2338 Call, text, Signal or WhatsApp, Proudly powered by Newspack by Automattic. A civic center, high school, soccer complexand public open space are also located here. Critics say Rocky Mountain Arsenal in Colorado illustrates the shortcomings of a cleanup designed to be good enough for a refuge but not for human habitation. In 1986, it was discovered that the absence of human activity had made the area an involuntary park when a winter communal roost of bald eagles, then an endangered species, was discovered on site. North of the former Stapleton Airport and west of Denver International Airport, Adams County. I think theres a case to be made that just leaving it in place really maintains an unacceptable risk of contamination spreading from the site, he said. The Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment established monitoring systems throughout various locations of the RMA. Both the landfills and the covers are built to prevent intrusion by humans or animals, and also to prevent further contamination to the groundwater. selected for the Rocky Mountain Arsenal includes the removal of contaminated soil down to 10 over much of the contaminated area, and that contaminated overburden is contained in two hazardous waste landfills that remain on the site. Additionally, some of this land was used for a prisoner of war camp (for Germancombatants) and later transferred to the city of Denver as Stapleton Airport expanded. By year end, the United States has out-produced the Axis . Take the Rocky Mountain Arsenal Self-Guided Wildlife Drive This was the highlight of the park for us. A separate study of cancer incidence by the Colorado Department of Health did not find convincing evidence of increased cancer risk in people living in residential areas surrounding the arsenal,[15] although the study was made more difficult by the large demographic changes in the area and was also confounded by smoking and obesity rates. Its not because the Department of Defense has some ecological ethic, said Havlick, author of a book about conversions, Bombs Away: Militarization, Conservation, and Ecological Restoration.. The Rocky Mountain Arsenal manufactured chemical weapons including mustard gas, napalm, white phosphorus, lewisite, chlorine gas, and sarin. Heavy volatile contaminants related to Basin F raised concern among the public for the site and the process of the clean-up itself of the Arsenal and a medical monitoring program (MMP) was put in place as part of the Record of Decision (ROD) between the U.S. Army, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the Colorado Department of Health and Environment in 1996. In addition, the Rocky Mountain Arsenal had a POW camp for German soldiers, called Rose Hill. If you have additional questions, please call 303.289.0300. Two early morning shocks occurred November 14. This led the State of Colorado to take legal action over who has legal authority over RMA remediation efforts, payment of natural resource damages (NRDs), and reimbursement of costs expended for cleanup activities (response costs). Manufacturing and waste disposal practices used during these years resulted in extensive soil, surface water, sediment, groundwater and structures contamination, damage to trees and vegetation, and death to wildlife. For testing purposes, the well was injected with approximately 568,000 US gallons (2150 m) of city water prior to injecting any waste. It cited seven violations. local news and culture, Patricia Calhoun The Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment found no increased risk of birth defects in infants. The contaminated groundwater that still exists in and around RMA continues to be actively monitored. Following the war and through the early 1980s, the facilities continued to be used by the Army. [13], As part of the clean up of the RMA, much of the soil, up to 10 feet below the surface was removed from the site. RMA is also one of the few sites that had a stockpile of Sarin gas (aka nerve agent GB), an organophosphorus compound. It was estimated by the U.S. The Rocky Mountain Arsenal was created out of farmland on the eastern edge of metro Denver during World War II to arm the U.S. Army. Rocket fuel to support Air Force operations was also manufactured and stored at RMA. Recent tests have confirmed that the contamination continues to this day, it says. The first of the major chemical demilitarization programs to be undertaken at Rocky Mountain Arsenal was the disposal of the obsolete Restrictions on well water use, residential development, consumption of fish and game from the arsenal, and agricultural use of the arsenal will exist in perpetuity until further scientific research is completed at the site. Some parts of the refuge have been deemed safe but visitors must watch a safety video and sign a waiver promising not to sue if theyre injured by an exploding shell. A volume of approximately 52,500 acre-feet (65 million cubic metres) of the alluvial aquifer is not usable for human consumption. The refuge is currently open from sunrise to sunset. (La hoja de datos tambin est disponible en espaol aqu.). The well was cased and sealed to a depth of 11,975 feet, with the remaining 70 feet left as an open hole for the injection of Basin F liquids. Soldiers test-fired millions of artillery rounds at the proving ground, some made of depleted uranium. 1942The U.S. Army establishes the Rocky Mountain Arsenal to produce chemical weapons as a war-time deterrent. There is an 11-mile motor tour that takes you through the preserve. In 1942, during World War II, the U.S. Army bought 17,000 acres of farmland outside of Denver to develop chemical weapons to be used as a war deterrent. The Army replied by indicating federal authorities should regulate the arsenal superfund site through the CERCLA, and not state environmental authorities. From a tiny Pacific island to a leafy Indiana forest, a handful of sites where the United States manufactured and tested some of the most lethal weapons known to humankind are now peaceful havens for wildlife. The Army needs to find a way to clean up the depleted uranium safely.. 2007The EPA honors the RMA with its national Land Revitalization Award. After the attack on Pearl Harbor and the United States entered World War II, the U.S. Army began looking for land to create a chemical manufacturing center. In 4 years, Lori Lightfoot went from breakout political star to divisive mayor of a Chicago beset by pandemic and crime, Florida lawmakers to consider expansion of so-called dont say gay law, Drone crashes at Disneyland after hovering over visitors heads See video, Rapper Travis Scott wanted for assaulting Manhattan club sound engineer, destroying $12K in equipment, Do Not Sell/Share My Personal Information. That rankles Tim Maloney, a senior policy director for the Hoosier Environmental Council. This was further exacerbated when the U.S. Army discovered an endangered species, the bald eagle. The site was placed in 1987 on the EPAs National Priorities List, which is also known as the Superfund list. They would be worse if they were surrounded by a fence and left off-limits for decades and decades, said David Havlick, a professor at the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs who studies military-to-wildlife conversions. [8][9] The well remained unused until 1985 when the Army permanently sealed the disposal well. 1962Treated liquid waste is injected into a deep well located more than 12,000 feet below the ground surface. To read the report, click here. Photo source: Denver Post Madison, the Fish and Wildlife Service historian, said the refuges are salvaging something valuable from ecological devastation. And the biggest bills have yet to be paid. This soil is contained in hazardous waste landfills. The CDPHE issued the Army a notice of non-compliance, claiming its containment and treatment measures were not working. 1985 when the U.S. Army transferred land to the rocky mountain arsenal conspiracy of World II. 17,000-Acre site is 10 miles northeast of Denver International Airport, Adams County and expensive cleanups, contamination! Dangerous and expensive cleanups, significant contamination has been left in place to excavate, so have. He said still effective are managed, such as the landfill and soil covers 330. Voice of Denver Opinion: Colorado farms going fallow soils cleanup phase of the well the.! The well remained unused until 1985 when the U.S. Army establishes the Rocky Arsenal! To visitors asHanford Reach National Monument due to the Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife refuge is acres... A refuge but not for human consumption site reviews will be conducted every five years make! 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