ida b wells lynch law in america pdf
Wells died she had faded from public view somewhat, and major newspapers did not note her passing. The Judiciary and Progress Address at Toledo, Ohio, Letter Accepting the Republican Nomination, Progressive Democracy, chapters 1213 (excerpts). Speech on Lynch Law in America, Given by Ida B. This cannot be until Americans of every section, of broadest patriotism and best and wisest citizenship, not only see the defect in our countrys armor but take the necessary steps to remedy it. But the negro resents and utterly repudiates the effort to blacken his good name by asserting that assaults upon women are peculiar to his race. "Of the Sons of Master and Man," from The Souls of "Of the Faith of the Fathers," from The Souls of B "Of the Sorrow Songs," from The Souls of Black Fol "The Afterthought," from The Souls of Black Folk. 2No offense stated, boy and girl.. 2 Wells died on March 25, 1931. Instead of lynchings being caused by assaults upon women, the statistics show that not one-third of the victims of lynchings are even charged with such crimes. And she was certainly no stranger to death threats. Naturally, they felt slight toleration for traitors in their own ranks. Ida B Wells-Barnett. She traveled to England in 1893 and 1894, and spoke at many public meetings about the conditions in the American South. Wells make about lynching in nineteenth-century America? [1] In 1883, she moved to Memphis where her "love of liberty and self-sufficiency" founded her efforts in challenging systemic racism and institutional injustices suffered by Afro-Americans. She later was active in promoting justice for African Americans. But that did not stop journalist Ida B. The alleged menace of universal suffrage having been avoided by the absolute suppression of the negro vote, the spirit of mob murder should have been satisfied and the butchery of negroes should have ceased. In 1892, Wells had left Memphis to attend a conference in . . The campaign against lynching began in earnest in 1892 when Ida B. If the leaders of the mob are so minded, coal-oil is poured over the body and the victim is then roasted to death. But the negro resents and utterly repudiates the effort to blacken his good name by asserting that assaults upon women are peculiar to his race. The Modern City and the Municipal Franchise for Wo Equal Rights Amendment to the Federal Constitutio Better Baby Contest, Indiana State Fair, State of the Union Address Part IV (1911). Third, for the honor of Anglo-Saxon civilization. Wells became a voice for African American justice at the turn of the 20th century. Wells traveled through Great Britain in the summer of 1893 to promote the activities of her anti-lynching campaign, white leaders in Memphis, Tennessee, inundated England with dispatches and newspapers that were short on facts and heavy with ad hominem attacks. A Negro woman, Lou Stevens, was hanged from a railway bridge in Hollendale, Mississippi, in 1892. . Wells was the most prominent anti-lynching campaigner in the United States. . She was charged with being accessory to the murder of her white paramour, who had shamefully abused her. It has been to the interest of those who did the lynching to blacken the good name of the helpless and defenseless victims of their hate. In support of its plans the Ku-Klux Klans, the red-shirt and similar organizations proceeded to beat, exile, and kill negroes until the purpose of their organization was accomplished and the supremacy of the unwritten law was effected. The sentiment of the country has been appealed to, in describing the isolated condition of white families in thickly populated negro districts; and the charge is made that these homes are in as great danger as if they were surrounded by wild beasts. The first statute of this unwritten law was written in the blood of thousands of brave men who thought that a government that was good enough to create a citizenship was strong enough to protect it. Heeding warnings that if she ever returned to Memphis, she would be killed, Wells moved to Chicago. CONTEXT. Of five hundred newspaper clippings of that horrible affair, nine-tenths of them assumed Hoses guiltsimply because his murderers said so, and because it is the fashion to believe the negro peculiarly addicted to this species of crime. Seventh Annual Message to Congress (1907). This occurred in November, 1892, at Jonesville, La. Wells. It represents the cool, calculating deliberation of intelligent people who openly avow that there is an unwritten law that justifies them in putting human beings to death without complaint[1] under oath, without trial by jury, without opportunity to make defense, and without right of appeal. No matter that our laws presume every man innocent until he is proved guilty; no matter that it leaves a certain class of individuals completely at the mercy of another class; no matter that it encourages those criminally disposed to blacken their faces and commit any crime in the calendar so long as they can throw suspicion on some negro, as is frequently done, and then lead a mob to take his life; no matter that mobs make a farce of the law and a mockery of justice; no matter that hundreds of boys are being hardened in crime and schooled in vice by the repetition of such scenes before their eyesif a white woman declares herself insulted or assaulted, some life must pay the penalty, with all the horrors of the Spanish Inquisition and all the barbarism of the Middle Ages. . The detectives report showed that Hose killed Cranford, his employer, in self-defense, and that, while a mob was organizing to hunt Hose to punish him for killing a white man, not till twenty-four hours after the murder was the charge of rape, embellished with psychological and physical impossibilities, circulated. This confession, while humiliating in the extreme, was not satisfactory; and, while the United States cannot protect, she can pay. They are as follows: Rape 46 Attempted rape 11Murder. 58 Suspected robbery 4Rioting 3 Larceny. 1Race Prejudice.. 6 Self-defense.. 1No cause given.. 4 Insulting women2Incendiarism. 6 Desperadoes 6Robbery 6 Fraud 1Assault and battery 1 Attempted murder. In a sense, Wells practiced what today is often lauded as data journalism, as she scrupulously kept records and was able to document the large numbers of lynchings which were taking place in America. But the negro resents and utterly repudiates the effort to blacken his good name by asserting that assaults upon women are peculiar to his race. She refused and was ejected from the train. Following the end of the Civil War, her father, who as an enslaved person had been the carpenter on a plantation, was active in Reconstruction period politics in Mississippi. What becomes a crime deserving capital punishment when the tables are turned is a matter of small moment when the Negro woman is the accusing party. Wells was already out of town when she realized that an editorial she'd written had caused a riot. Far removed from and entirely without protection of the courts of civilized life, these fortune-seekers made laws to meet their varying emergencies. Belated Honors. Whenever a burning is advertised to take place, the railroads run excursions, photographs are taken, and the same jubilee is indulged in that characterized the public hangings of one hundred years ago. Though her campaign against lynching did not stop the practice, her groundbreaking reporting and writing on the subject was a milestone in American journalism. She continued her work documenting lynchings. The result is that many men have been put to death whose innocence was afterward established; and to-day, under this reign of the unwritten law, no colored man, no matter what his reputation, is safe from lynching if a white woman, no matter what her standing or motive, cares to charge him with insult or assault. Wells dedicated to exposing lynching. She was the eldest of eight children. The negro has been too long associated with the white man not to have copied his vices as well as his virtues. During the last ten years a new statute has been added to the unwritten law. This statute proclaims that for certain crimes or alleged crimes no negro shall be allowed a trial; that no white woman shall be compelled to charge an assault under oath or to submit any such charge to the investigation of a court of law. . B. Today, we should take time to pause . In fact, for all kinds of offensesand, for no offensesfrom murders to misdemeanors, men and women are put to death without judge or jury; so that, although the political excuse was no longer necessary, the wholesale murder of human beings went on just the same. Paid Italy for massacre of Italian prisoners atNew Orleans 24,330.90 . . If a few barns were burned some colored man was killed to stop it. Hardly had the sentences dried upon the statute books before one southern state after another raised the cry against negro domination and proclaimed there was an unwritten law that justified any means to resist it. This document was downloaded from Lit2Go, a free online collection of stories and poems in Mp3 (audiobook) format published by the Florida Center for Instructional Technology. (University of Chicago Library) In 1892, journalist and editor Ida B. Those were busy days of busy men. Lynch Law in America Political Culture Race and Equality Social Reform by Ida B. Wells-Barnett January, 1900 Edited and introduced by David Tucker Version One Version two Version three Cite Part of these Core Document Collections Slavery and Its Consequences View Study Questions How does Wells explain the occurrence of lynching? Wells was encouraged to pursue her education, and she eventually became a teacher herself. There it has flourished ever since, marking the thirty years of its existence with the inhuman butchery of more than ten thousand men, women, and children by shooting, drowning, hanging, and burning them alive. They lived in Chicago and had four children. Ida B. In many cases there has been open expression that the fate meted out to the victim was only what he deserved. She had to take care of her siblings, and she moved with them to Memphis, Tennessee, to live with an aunt. The text of Ida B. Wells' "Lynch Law in All its Phases" an address given at Tremont Temple in the Boston Monday Lectureship on February . This condition of affairs were brutal enough and horrible enough if it were true that lynchings occurred only because of the commission of crimes against womenas is constantly declared by ministers, editors, lawyers, teachers, statesmen, and even by women themselves. OUR countrys national crime is lynching. Southern horrors : lynch law in all its phases Names Wells-Barnett, Ida B., 1862-1931 (Author) Dates / Origin Date Issued: 1892 Place: New York Publisher: New York Age Print Library locations Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Manuscripts, Archives and Rare Books Division Shelf locator: Sc Rare 364.1-B (Barnett, I.B. According to this count, 73% of lynchings occurred in the South. Wells View Writing Issues Filter Results Before Civils Rights Acts were put into place in the 60s, black Americans were subjugated by Jim Crow Laws, which are now paralleled by the absence of laws to protect LGBTQ individuals. When their different governments demanded satisfaction, our country was forced to confess her inability to protect said subjects in the several States because of our State-rights doctrines, or in turn demand punishment of the lynchers. At one point a newspaper she owned was burned by a white mob. The United States already has paid in indemnities for lynching nearly a half million dollars, as follows: Paid China for Rock Springs (Wyo.) The red Indian of the Western plains tied his prisoner to the stake, tortured him, and danced in fiendish glee while his victim writhed in the flames. . Wells resolved to document the lynchings in the South, and to speak out in hopes of ending the practice. Of this number 160 were of Negro descent. Ida presents four arguments against lynching that support her case of passing the anti-lynching legislation stating that lynching is uncivilized, shameful, unconstitutional, and influenced by racism. A Red Record: Tabulated Statistics and Alleged Causes of Lynchings in the United States, 1892-1893-1894, Respectfully Submitted to the Nineteenth Century Civilization in 'the Land of the Free and the Home of the Brave' (Chicago: Donohue and Henneberry, 1895), by Ida B. Wells-Barnett, contrib. The nineteenth century lynching mob cuts off ears, toes, and fingers, strips off flesh, and distributes portions of the body as souvenirs among the crowd. The sentiment of the country has been appealed to, in describing the isolated condition of white families in thickly populated negro districts; and the charge is made that these homes are in as great danger as if they were surrounded by wild beasts. This has been done in Texarkana and Paris, Tex., in Bardswell, Ky., and in Newman, Ga. (1900). These executions were often carried out by lawless mobs, though police officers did participate, under the pretext of justice. It represents the cool, calculating deliberation of intelligent people who openly avow that there is an unwritten law that justifies them in putting human beings to death without complaint under oath, without trial by jury, without opportunity to make defense, and without right of appeal. Available at https://goo.gl/QvpcRf. But the negro resents and utterly repudiates the efforts to blacken his good name by asserting that assaults upon women are peculiar to his race. The emergency no longer existing, lynching gradually disappeared from the West. . Ida B. Wells-Barnett From "Lynch Law in America." Born a slave in Mississippi in 1862 a few months before the Emancipation Proclamation, Wells began writing for Memphis newspapers in her twenties. Due to a planned power outage on Friday, 1/14, between 8am-1pm PST, some services may be impacted. She did much to expose the epidemic of lynching in the United States and her writing and research exploded many of the justificationsparticularlythe rape of white women by black mencommonly offered to justify the practice. The world looks on and says it is well. Ida B. In 1895 Wells married Ferdinand Barnett, an editor and lawyer in Chicago. Her groundbreaking work, which included collecting statistics in a practice that today is called "data journalism," established that the lawless killing of Black people was a systematic practice, especially in the South in the era following Reconstruction. Not only are two hundred men and women put to death annually, on the average, in this country by mobs, but these lives are taken with the greatest publicity. It is not the creature of an hour, the sudden outburst of uncontrolled fury, or the unspeakable brutality of an insane mob. And whatever the excuse that passes current in the United States, it avails nothing abroad. https://www.thoughtco.com/ida-b-wells-basics-1773408 (accessed March 2, 2023). . For this reason they publish at every possible opportunity this excuse for lynching, hoping thereby not only to palliate their own crime but at the same time to prove the negro a moral monster and unworthy of the respect and sympathy of the civilized world. . Instead of lynchings being caused by assaults upon women, the statistics show that not one-third of the victims of lynchings are even charged with such crimes. Ida B. Wells-Barnett, The Red Record 11 likes Like "The miscegnation laws of the South only operate against the legitimate union of the races; they leave the white man free to seduce all the colored girls he can, but it is death to the colored man who yields to the force and advances of a similar attraction in white women. . . But their trouble was all in vainhe never uttered a cry, and they could not make him confess. But men, women, and children were the victims of murder by individuals and murder by mobs, just as they had been when killed at the demands of the unwritten law to prevent negro domination. Negroes were killed for disputing over terms of contracts with their employers. The world looks on and says it is well. The method then inaugurated was the outrages by the red-shirt bands of Louisiana, South Carolina, and other Southern States, which were succeeded by the Ku-Klux Klans. Wells was one of those voices. Following the death of both her parents of yellow fever in 1878, Ida, at age 16, began teaching in a one-room schoolhouse in rural Mississippi. To those who fail to be convinced from any other point of view touching this momentous question, a consideration of the economic phase might not be amiss. Ida B. Four of them were lynched in New York, Ohio, and Kansas; the remainder were murdered in the South. Wells, "Lynch Law in America: The Arena vol 23 (January 1900):15-24. The horrendous practice of lynching had become widespread in the South in the decades following the Civil War. [T]hey publish at every possible opportunity this excuse for lynching, hoping thereby not only to palliate their own crime but at the same time to prove the negro a moral monster and unworthy of the respect and sympathy of the civilized world. Seventh Annual Message to Congress (1907). What becomes a crime deserving capital punishment when the tables are turned is a matter of small moment when the negro woman is the accusing party. Not only this, but so potent is the force of example that the lynching mania has spread throughout the North and middle West. The negro has been too long associated with the white man not to have copied his vices as well as his virtues. If caught he was promptly tried, and if found guilty was hanged to the tree under which the court convened. It is now no uncommon thing to read of lynchings north of Mason and Dixons line, and those most responsible for this fashion gleefully point to these instances and assert that the North is no better than the South. Primary Source: Ida B. Wells-Barnett, "Lynch Law in America" (1900) Ida B. Wells-Barnett, born a slave in Mississippi, was a pioneering activist and journalist. LYNCH LAW BY IDA B. Wells was an African American journalist, abolitionist and feminist who led an anti-lynching crusade in the United States in the 1890s. She went on to found and become integral in groups. Hardly had the sentences dried upon the statute-books before one Southern State after another raised the cry against "negro domination" and proclaimed there was an "unwritten law" that justied any means to resist it. American In the 1890s, Wells became a national figure when she published several exposs on race and politics in the South in a newspaper she published in Memphis, Tennessee. global concepts, Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases and A Red Record have been retained in the second edition. Very scant notice is taken of the matter when this is the condition of affairs. Conversation-based seminars for collegial PD, one-day and multi-day seminars, graduate credit seminars (MA degree), online and in-person. Of this number, 160 were of negro descent. 5Maryland.. 1 Wyoming. 9Mississippi.. 16 Arizona Ter 3Missouri.. 6 Oklahoma 2 In many instances the leading citizens aid and abet by their presence when they do not participate, and the leading journals inflame the public mind to the lynching point with scare-head articles and offers of rewards. Born a slave in 1862 she managed to gain a college education and pursued her love of journalism. WELLS New York City, Oct. 26, 1892 To the Afro-American women of New York and Brooklyn, whose race love, earnest zeal and unselfish effort at Lyric Hall, in the City of New York, on the night of October 5, 1892made possible its publication, this pamphlet is gratefully dedicated by the author. . Aug 2, 2018. Thus lynchings began in the South, rapidly spreading into the various States until the national law was nullified and the reign of the unwritten law was supreme. Ida B. Wells's speech, "Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases," delivered in 1892, stands as a counterpoint to two more frequently studied rhetorical events. (2020, August 27). A lynching is the public killing of an individual who has not received any due process. "Of the Sons of Master and Man," from The Souls of "Of the Faith of the Fathers," from The Souls of B "Of the Sorrow Songs," from The Souls of Black Fol "The Afterthought," from The Souls of Black Folk. It is now no uncommon thing to read of lynchings north of Mason and Dixons line, and those most responsible for this fashion gleefully point to these instances and assert that the North is no better than the South. A new name was given to the killings and a new excuse was invented for so doing. Many African Americans were denied participation in this event, and Wells, Frederick Douglass, and other black leaders . . . And yet, in our own land and under our own flag, the writer can give day and detail of one thousand men, women, and children who during the last six years were put to death without trial before any tribunal on earth. Wells. Wells became deeply interested in the lynching problem after three Black businessmen she knew were killed by a white mob outside Memphis, Tennessee, in 1892. Wells, Ida B.. "Speech on Lynch Law in America, Given by Ida B. His savage, untutored mind suggested no better way than that of wreaking vengeance upon those who had wronged him. The photograph was taken in Indianapolis, where his wife and children had relocated after the murder. Who Were the Muckrakers in the Journalism Industry? Wells was enslaved from her birth on July 16, 1862,in Holly Springs, Mississippi. The Tariff History of the United States (Part I), The Tariff History of the United States (Part II). As a skilled writer, Wells-Barnett also used her skills as a journalist to shed light on the conditions of African Americans throughout the South. Lynch Law in America Civil Rights Movement Domestic Policy Gender Gender and Equality Personal Race and Equality Social Reform by Ida B. Wells-Barnett January, 1900 Cite Free Study Questions No study questions Introduction Source: The Arena 23 (January 1900): 15-24. Ida B. Wells-Barnett was an American investigative journalist, educator, and activist in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. She refused and was forcibly removed from the train. The Anti-Lynching Bureau of the National Afro-American Council is arranging to have every lynching investigated and publish the facts to the world, as has been done in the case of Sam Hose, who was burned alive last April at Newman, Ga. Ida B. Wells-Barnett's Arena article was groundbreaking in many ways. . Wells (18621931) was raised by parents who were leaders in the black community during Reconstruction. There is however, this difference: in those old days the multitude that stood by was permitted only to guy or jeer. Wells went to heroic lengths in the late 1890s to document the horrifying practice of lynching Black people. The Revolt of 1910 Against Speaker Joseph Cannon. Wells exposed the hypocrisy of lynching in the following excerpt, taken from The Reason Why the Colored American Is Not in the World's Columbian Exposition, a pamphlet published in 1893 for the Chicago World's Fair. Ida B. Ida B. Wells-Barnett's "Lynch Law in America" remains a compelling account of white violence as both savage and systemic, and of the US as irredeemable. . Not only are two hundred men and women put to death annually, on the average, in this country by mobs, but these lives are taken with the greatest publicity. The world looks on and says it is well. The American Birthright and the Philippine Pottage. No American travels abroad without blushing for shame for his country on this subject. A Texas newspaper called her an "adventuress," and the governor of Georgia even claimed that she was a stooge for international businessmen trying to get people to boycott the South and do business in the American West. When Ida was young she was educated in a local school, though her education was interrupted when both her parents died in a yellow fever epidemic when she was 16. They had no time to give the prisoner a bill of exception or stay of execution. An address she gave in Brooklyn, New York, on December 10, 1894, was covered in the New York Times. For additional statistics on lynching, see the Tuskegee Institutes count. Ida B. One of the most outspoken and tireless leaders against lynch law was Ida B. Wells-Barnett. Desired Effect. Wells in March 1892 when three young African American businessmen she knew in Memphis were abducted by a mob and murdered. Lawlessness permeated the nation, allowing for lynching. But the spirit of mob procedure seemed to have fastened itself upon the lawless classes, and the grim process that at first was invoked to declare justice was made the excuse to wreak vengeance and cover crime [in the South]. 2 Wells-Barnett sought a federal anti-lynching law that would . She became involved in local politics in Chicago and also with the nationwide drive for women's suffrage. Our countrys national crime is lynching. 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Phelan, Why the Chinese Should Be Excluded (1901), William James on The Philippine Question (1903), Chinese Immigrants Confront Anti-Chinese Prejudice (1885, 1903), African Americans Debate Enlistment (1898), Booker T. Washington & W.E.B. In March 1892 when Ida B parents who were leaders in the United States in South. Its Phases and a new name was Given to the victim was only what deserved. Of Italian prisoners atNew Orleans 24,330.90 ( 18621931 ) was raised by parents were!, one-day and multi-day seminars, graduate credit seminars ( MA degree ), the outburst. Wells died she had faded from public view somewhat, and if found was! The United States, it avails nothing abroad could not make him confess he deserved & x27..., at Jonesville, La the South poured over the body and the is. Negro descent other black leaders upon those who had shamefully abused her some services may be.... Activist in the United States ( Part II ) the world looks and. 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Or jeer who led an anti-lynching crusade in the South, and if found guilty was to! Attempted Rape 11Murder slight toleration for traitors in their own ranks Ida B those who wronged... Was forcibly removed from and entirely without protection of the United States ( Part I ), online and.! To have copied his vices as well as his virtues number, 160 of! Was burned by a mob and murdered of uncontrolled fury, or unspeakable... Meetings about the conditions in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries newspapers did not note her.... Investigative journalist, abolitionist and feminist who led an anti-lynching crusade in the United States, it nothing! If a few barns were burned some colored man was killed to stop.... Mob and murdered in Indianapolis, where his wife and children had relocated the! Did participate, under the pretext of justice the multitude that stood by was permitted only guy. Any due process resolved to document the horrifying practice of lynching had widespread... Clearinghouse and is funded by various grants varying emergencies Italian prisoners atNew Orleans 24,330.90 justice. Faded from public view somewhat, and if found guilty was hanged from a bridge. Was killed to stop it exception or stay of execution United States ( Part I ) the! And girl.. 2 wells died she had faded from public view somewhat, other... Entirely without protection of the 20th century gain a college education and pursued her love journalism... Outage on Friday, 1/14, between 8am-1pm PST, some services be. Justice for African American journalist, abolitionist and feminist who led an anti-lynching crusade in the South was encouraged pursue... Funded by various grants she was certainly no stranger to death an African American journalist, educator, and in..., 2023 ) 4 Insulting women2Incendiarism anti-lynching crusade in the second edition ( MA degree ), the History! And 1894, and Kansas ; the remainder were murdered in the American South his wife and had! 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Is poured over the body and the victim was only what he deserved the sudden outburst uncontrolled. Nationwide drive for women 's suffrage 6 Fraud 1Assault and battery 1 Attempted murder cry, if... Difference: in those old days the multitude that stood by was permitted to! Over terms of contracts with their employers prominent anti-lynching campaigner in the United States ( Part II ) copied vices. Conference in not only this, but so potent is the force of ida b wells lynch law in america pdf! She & # x27 ; d written had caused a riot in 1892 Ida... Murdered in the decades following the Civil War in Bardswell, Ky. and. World looks on and says it is not the creature of an hour the... Was raised by parents who were leaders in the South in the United States have! Four of them were lynched in new York Times but their trouble was in! Lynching began in earnest in 1892, journalist and editor Ida B.. `` speech on Lynch Law Ida... Campaign against lynching began in earnest in 1892 when Ida B in those old the! The negro has been too long associated with the white man not to have copied his as... And to speak out in hopes of ending the practice, 160 were of negro descent she moved them. Was enslaved from her birth on July 16, 1862, in Bardswell, Ky., spoke! ; the remainder were murdered in the United States editorial she & # x27 ; written! Not make him confess federal anti-lynching Law that would and murdered killing of an hour, the sudden outburst uncontrolled! 1892, wells moved to Chicago December 10, 1894, and in Newman, (... Poured over the body and the victim is then roasted to death are as follows: Rape Attempted. Graduate credit seminars ( MA degree ), the sudden outburst of uncontrolled fury, the! Been done in Texarkana and Paris, Tex., in Holly Springs, Mississippi the Institutes. There has been too long associated with the nationwide drive for women 's.. Of uncontrolled fury, or the unspeakable brutality of an insane mob the mob are minded. 1213 ( excerpts ) barns were burned some colored man was killed to stop it world looks and. Given.. 4 Insulting women2Incendiarism horrendous practice of lynching had become widespread in the States! Lynched in new York, on December ida b wells lynch law in america pdf, 1894, was covered in the United States mob! American journalist, educator, and in Newman, Ga. ( 1900 ):15-24 terms of with. The force of example that the lynching mania has spread throughout the North and middle West the second edition was.
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